The Crystal Formations Inside Morgellons

[Kammy]

I'm creating this thread with hope that in the future someone who has a knowledge of the science of crystal formations can look at some of these photos of cultured human samples for the purpose of identifying what is or might be involved in Morgellons.

A place to discuss the Crystallography of the various suspect elements that have been brought up in other threads and as a place to do comparisons.

Also, a place to discuss the beginning crystal formations found in Morgellons lesion debris.

[Kammy]

Crystallography

Crystallography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids. In older usage, it is the scientific study of crystals. The word "crystallography" is derived from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and graphein = write.

Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography (see below), the study of crystals was based on the geometry of the crystals. This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces relative to theoretical reference axes (crystallographic axes), and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question. The former is carried out using a goniometer. The position in 3D space of each crystal face is plotted on a stereographic net, e.g. Wulff net or Lambert net. In fact, the pole to each face is plotted on the net. Each point is labelled with its Miller index. The final plot allows the symmetry of the crystal to be established.

Crystallographic methods now depend on the analysis of the diffraction patterns that emerge from a sample that is targeted by a beam of some type. The beam is not always electromagnetic radiation, even though X-rays are the most common choice. For some purposes electrons or neutrons are used, which is possible due to the wave properties of the particles. Crystallographers often explicitly state the type of illumination used when referring to a method, as with the terms X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction.

These three types of radiation interact with the specimen in different ways. X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons. Neutrons are scattered by the atomic nuclei through the strong nuclear forces, but in addition, the magnetic moment of neutrons is non-zero. They are therefore also scattered by magnetic fields. When neutrons are scattered from hydrogen-containing materials, they produce diffraction patterns with high noise levels. However, the material can sometimes be treated to substitute hydrogen for deuterium. Because of these different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies.

Technique

Some materials studied using crystallography, proteins for example, do not occur naturally as crystals. Typically, such molecules are placed in solution and allowed to crystallize over days, weeks, or months through vapor diffusion. A drop of solution containing the molecule, buffer, and precipitants is sealed in a container with a reservoir containing a hygroscopic solution. Water in the drop diffuses to the reservoir, slowly increasing the concentration and allowing a crystal to form. If the concentration were to rise more quickly, the molecule would simply precipitate out of solution, resulting in disorderly granules rather than an orderly and hence usable crystal."

[Kammy]

Crystallography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Crystallography in Materials Engineering

"Crystallography is a tool that is often employed by materials scientists. In single crystals, the effects of the crystalline arrangement of atoms is often easy to see macroscopically, because the natural shapes of crystals reflect the atomic structure. In addition, physical properties are often controlled by crystalline defects. The understanding of crystal structures is an important prerequisite for understanding crystallographic defects. Mostly, materials do not occur in a single crystalline, but poly-crystalline form, such that the powder diffraction method plays a most important role in structural determination.

A number of other physical properties are linked to crystallography. For example, the minerals in clay form small, flat, platelike structures. Clay can be easily deformed because the platelike particles can slip along each other in the plane of the plates, yet remain strongly connected in the direction perpendicular to the plates. Such mechanisms can be studied by crystallographic texture measurements.

In another example, iron transforms from a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure to a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure called austenite when it is heated. The fcc structure is a close-packed structure, and the bcc structure is not, which explains why the volume of the iron decreases when this transformation occurs.

Crystallography is useful in phase identification. When performing any process on a material, it may be desired to find out what compounds and what phases are present in the material. Each phase has a characteristic arrangement of atoms. Techniques like X-ray diffraction can be used to identify which patterns are present in the material, and thus which compounds are present (note: the determination of the "phases" within a material should not be confused with the more general problem of "phase determination," which refers to the phase of waves as they diffract from planes within a crystal, and which is a necessary step in the interpretation of complicated diffraction patterns).

Crystallography covers the enumeration of the symmetry patterns which can be formed by atoms in a crystal and for this reason has a relation to group theory and geometry. See symmetry group."

[Kammy]

Crystal Engineering

Crystal engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An example of crystal engineering using
hydrogen bonding reported by Wuest
and coworkers in J. Am. Chem. Soc.

"Crystal engineering is the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures with desired properties, based on an understanding and exploitation of intermolecular interactions. The two main strategies currently in use for crystal engineering are based on hydrogen bonding and coordination complexation. These may be understood with key concepts such as the supramolecular synthon and the secondary building unit.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the phenomenon wherein the same chemical compound exists in different crystal forms. In the initial days of crystal engineering, polymorphism was not properly understood and incompletely studied. Today, it is one of the most exciting branches of the subject partly because polymorphic forms of drugs may be entitled to independent patent protection if they show new and improved properties over the known crystal forms. With the growing importance of generic drugs, the importance of crystal engineering to the pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow exponentially.

Specialized Journals

Crystal engineering is a rapidly expanding discipline as revealed by the recent appearance of several international scientific journals in which the topic plays a major role. These include CrystEngComm from the Royal Society of Chemistry and Crystal Growth and Design from the American Chemical Society."

[Kammy]

Crystal Lattice Structures: Other Crystal Structure Web Sites

[Kammy]

Bob's Rock Shop: Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems

Bob's Rock Shop: Introduction to Crystallography and Mineral Crystal Systems

[Katinka]

From Nanobacteria Thread Post # 22:

In this study, we identified with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis and chemical analysis that all growth phases of nanobacteria produce biogenic apatite on their cell envelope.

Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed the mineral as carbonate apatite.

In nanobacteria-infected fibroblasts, electron microscopy revealed intra- and extracellular acicular crystal deposits, stainable with von Kossa staining and resembling calcospherules found in pathological calcification.


Nanobacteria can produce apatite in media mimicking tissue fluids and glomerular filtrate and provide a unique model for in vitro studies on calcification.

Ok...let me see what biogenic apatite means...

Kat

[Katinka]

Post # 23:

biogenic [bye-oh-jen-ik]

originating from a living organism


Apatite

Apatite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals.

Apatite is one of few minerals that are produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems.

Apatite has a Mohs Scale hardness of 5. Hydroxylapatite is the major component of tooth enamel.

Similarly, fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluoride ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite.

Too much fluoride results in dental fluorosis and/or skeletal fluorosis.

In the United States, apatite is often used to fertilize tobacco.
The primary use of apatite is in the manufacture of fertilizer - it is a source of phosphorus.



Fluoro-Chloro Apatite forms the basis of the, now obsolete, Halophosphor fluorescent tube phosphor system.





Kat

[Katinka]

Post # 24:

The Crystal Structure of Apatite

The Crystal Structure of Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl) -- Hughes and Rakovan 48 (1): 1 -- Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

it is the major source of phosphorous, both as an ore and the base of the global phosphorous cycle.

As the major ore mineral of phosphorous, apatite is critical for the production of huge quantities of fertilizers, detergents and phosphoric acid; the extracted phosphorous is also used in many other applications such as phosphors, rust removers, motor fuels, and insecticides to name but a few.



Kat

[Katinka]

Post # 25:

Resume:

Nanobacteria found in human and cow blood samples....produce a sticky biofilm...mimics tissue fluids....forms crystal like structures 'apatites'..

apatites... different colors such as blue, green, yellow and red...a form of phosphorus...found in soil...used as a fertilizer...insecticides..used also a remediation for contaminated soils...motor fuels...

and this is polluting our WATER!!

Another thought: what is, if this interacts with Fluoride...? in water...toothpaste?

Kat