Nanocytes

[Venetia]

Nanocytes® – Cell-mimetic nanoparticles

Nanocytes® – Cell-mimetic nanoparticles


Silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopic image.





Active principle of nanocytes

Active principle of Nanocytes®. Silica nanoparticles are functionalized with a cytokine (TNF) and induce the specific cell response by binding to the target cell receptor.


Like "cellular foreign ministers", membrane-bound proteins govern the interactions of the cell with its environment. They thus hold important key positions and are accordingly very popular among research scientists – at least in theory, because in practice these active membrane proteins are difficult to control. Ultimately, they often have complex structures and exert their biological activity only in certain spatial conformations and arrangements.

At the Fraunhofer IGB, therefore, hybrid biological and synthetic particles have been developed which simulate the properties at the cell surfaces. On the surface of these cell-mimetic, i.e. cell-imitating, nanoparticles, membrane proteins are bound in such a way that their biological properties are fully maintained.

The basis of these so-called Nanocytes® is constituted by chemically customized nanoparticles which are created either from silicon oxide and other inorganic materials or from different organic polymers. The surface of the tiny particles can be modified according to their use so that different biomolecules can be bound to them.

With the hybrid particles, research scientists at the Fraunhofer IGB have created a variable building block system which can be used as a qualitatively new tool in cell biological or immunological research and in diagnostic systems. Nanocytes® can also be used in medical technology as a component of composite membranes.




Nanocytes® (marked in red) link up with a target cell (with proteins marked in green inside the cell) and trigger programmed cell death.
Top: after 20 minutes.
Bottom: after 40 minutes.


Cytokine-functionalized Nanocytes® – a future prospect for cancer therapy

Anyone with cancer not only has to suffer from the disease, but also from surgery, chemotherapy and radiation with their sometimes severe side-effects. No wonder that intensive work is being undertaken on gentler treatment alternatives. One source of hope is to be found in the cytokines of tumour necrosis factors (TNF). These membrane-bound signal proteins induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumor cells. In co-operation with the Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology of the University of Stuttgart (Prof. Klaus Pfizenmaier), bio-active cytokine (TNF) has been coupled to silica particles. The resultant Nanocytes® cause suicidal reactions in cultured human cells, which otherwise are known only with membrane-bound cytokines.

Cytokine-functionalized Nanocytes® thus open the way to entirely new experimental approaches in immunological and cell biological research, as well as in the development of diagnostic procedures. For therapeutic use, Nanocytes® would also have to be provided with a biological target function in addition to the cytokine. As a result of this detection function, cytokine Nanocytes® could then one day journey through the human body, identify cancer cells among thousands upon thousands of body cells, bind to them and trigger targeted self-destruction.





Silica nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopic image.




Active principle of Nanocytes®. Silica nanoparticles are functionalized with a cytokine (TNF) and induce the specific cell response by binding to the target cell receptor.










Nanocytes® (marked in red) link up with a target cell (with proteins marked in green inside the cell) and trigger programmed cell death.
Top: after 20 minutes.
Bottom: after 40 minutes.

[Venetia]

A few years back, Tam Tam had posted about the Causative agent of Rhinosporidiosis. He mentioned a phrase that a scientist had used:

"Why did previous investigators not find well defined mitochondria?
"I am convinced that these mitochondria are from Human cells"
(Karvita B Ahluwalia, 2001)

Found here:

Causative Agent of Rhinosporidiosis -- Ahluwalia et al. 39 (1): 413 -- Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Reading over the letter at the above link, the scientist mentions pond water
where 'patients' had been bathing. It was stated that Prokaryotic cyanobacterium, a
Microcystis sp (blue-green alga) was found and it's daugher cells- NANOCYTES.


The letter mentioned spheres of cellular waste- found to be polysaccharide
reserves characteristic of cyanobacteria. My thoughts went to the find of
Dr Citovsky.

Reading more of her work, I learned that Rhinosporidiosis is the first human
disease shown to be caused by a cyanobacterium.


It occurred to me that not only Tam Tam mentions the superbug - per his video-
is also caused by or includes a component that is cyanobacterium. Then there is
the mention in the Morgellons Phase I Study....there was also a mention of
cyanobacterium.....

Morgellons Research, Phase One Microbiology Report

www.morgellons.org/docs/Phase1Table5.pdf

So I found more of Dr Ahluwalia's work here:

Culture of the organism that causes rhinosporidios...[J Laryngol Otol. 1999] - PubMed Result

Fair use:

Ahluwalia KB.

Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. aluwalia@medinst.ernet.in

The causative agent of rhinosporidiosis is a microscopic round body in polypoidal masses that is believed to be the sporangium of a fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi. But fungal aetiology can not be proved with certainty. Attempts to culture the fungus on various media have also been unsuccessful. In a recent study pond water samples, from water in which patients had been bathing, were analysed and a unicellular prokaryotic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa was isolated. The same cyanobacterium was demonstrated in clinical samples from patients with rhinosporidiosis. Consequent to these findings, attempts were made to culture the causative organism of rhinosporidiosis under conditions that support growth of cyanobacteria. This study describes a simple method for laboratory culture of this organism. Observations based on laser-scanning confocal microscopy, light and electron microscopy confirm that a cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. is the causative agent of the disease. Rhinosporidiosis is the first human disease to be shown to be caused by a cyanobacterium. The findings have opened the way for development of therapy.

end excerpt

SILENTSUPERBUG REFERENCE SITE 2009 - 2010

Read above the picture at above link

Thinking back, I did recall that years ago, Oomycetes were mentioned as relates to this condition- and back then I found a link on L Mendoza and his cure for the
Queens Swans that were donated (1957) to Lakeland, Florida.

A quick Google refreshed my memories of Oomycetes from 2002/2003 when they were suspects. Turns out, oomycetes are pathogens in pesticides. Lagenidium Giganteum comes to mind- more on that later.

Back to the Swans


'The Regal Swan Project, 2000'. The Orange Lake Resort and Country Club, Orlando, Florida, at The Royal Windsor Web Site

The Royal Swans were a gifted in 1957. Queen Elizabeth II donated a mating pair of English Mute Swans to the City of Lakeland. The swans descendants now reside primarily at
Orange Lake Resort and Country Club in Orlando, Florida which is owned by
Kemmons Wilson, founder of Holiday Inn and the developer of Orange Lake Resort and Country Club in Orlando.


Excerpt: above link

'A native of Europe and Asia, the English Mute Swan was originally introduced into the United States in New York's Hudson River Valley during the 19th century. The English Mute is a protected species in England because of its royal lineage. Many of the swans are direct descendants of swans raised and bred from Her Majesty The Queen's Royal stock, dating back to the 12th century.' (The Regal Swan, 2000). From the winding shores of the Thames River, to the lakes and ponds of Florida and the Southeastern United States, in some cases, this magnificent bird is dying from botulism, lead poisoning, predators and random acts of violence.
end excerpt

So what has this to do with Fibers? The condition we variously call Morgellons or the Fiber Disease?

Lots.

Excerpt:
Led by Dr. Geoffrey Gardner, a project team has been formed to document and research Dr. Wade Gardner's work with the swan vaccinations. Rhinosporodium which causes a fungal eye infection in the birds from inferior water quality will also be studied. This fungus can be treated with an antibiotic opthalmalic solution. 'A large number of swan owners/keepers are not aware of the need for routine health checks by a licensed veterinarian who is trained to detect early signs of disease,' according to Dr. Geoffrey Gardner. ' It is essential that a practical knowledge base be accessible for individuals wishing to raise and maintain the animals.'
end excerpt

Rhinosporodium- fungal eye infection.... Prior to that discovery by L Mendoza, the swans were treated for botulism:

(are floaters a symptom?)

Excerpt:
However, in the early 80's, Wade G. Gardner, D.V. M., Lakeland Veterinary Hospital, pioneered the use of Ultrabac® vaccine manufactured by Pfizer Animal Health to stem swan deaths from botulism on Lake Morton. The Regal Swan Project team is studying the use of the vaccine and conducting titre tests to ascertain the vaccine's level of protection against clostridia related diseases in swans.

Dr. W.G. Gardner knew that an established vaccine was available for Clostridia perfringens related diseases in cows. Dr. Gardner theorized that the symptoms of C. perfringens could mimic botulism. He began an experimental inoculation of the remaining birds with the Ultrabac® C. pefringens vaccine. Gardner's successful vaccination measures have protected English Mute Swans and other internationally protected swan species from botulism for more than 20 years.
end

Vaccine Against Clostridia in Swans Shows Promise. The Royal Windsor Web Site.com


Excerpt:
DNA taken from the eye cysts of the swans was subsequently examined and tested with DNA from cysts with rhinosporidiosis taken from humans. The DNA analysis revealed the R. seeberi in both species is the same species.

This find is historically important. Rhinosporidiosis, once thought to be caused by a fungus is now proven to be a protozoan. This organism is found in moist, warm environments and is most prevalent in India, Sri Lanka and southeast Asia, although cases have occurred in Africa, Central and South America, Europe and the United States. This protozoan has never been cultured and its natural habitat remained unknown.
Rhinosporidium seeberi is a natural occurring micro-organism that infects the mucus surfaces of humans and animals who come into contact with it. Rhinosporidiosis is a byproduct of the micro-organism. It's a non-contagious chronic infection that usually manifests itself in the form of slow-growing-tumor-like masses that affect the nasal passages or the eyes. Currently, surgical removal is the only available treatment.

However, this study showed that by surgically removing the cysts, the swans showed a spontaneous remission (no noted reoccurrence of the parasite). More testing is expected to be conducted by the doctors and The Regal Swan™ researchers to find more information on this elusive parasite.

end excerpt

Fun Fact: Rhinosporidiosis infects Swans and Humans


More later

V

[Venetia]

Pink Swans? Fairy Liquid does the Trick! - The Thames at Windsor - Discussion Areas - The Royal Windsor Forum - Message Board - Yuku

The Royal link- states that Fairy Liquid "does the trick"-


(American eqivalent- Dawn dishwashing liquid)


Florida Swan Researchers Successfully Identify Bacterium Causing UK Swans To Turn Pink: Procter & Gambles Fairy Liquid Helps Remove The Microbes


ORLANDO, Florida.

April 9, 2007

Excerpts:
Florida-swan researchers have successfully identified a bacterium as the putative etiologic agent causing pink discoloration in Mute Swans from the wild population in the United Kingdom. Gram-positive rods, possibly Corynebacterium-like species were identified from several infected swans as the culprit through extensive, laboratory testing by members of The Regal Swan, a swan-research team, based in Orlando.

Researchers examined affected swan feathers from the UK in an effort to determine the cause of the unknown pigmentation. Noting the same phenomenon in Florida swans at the time of the birds yearly moult, The Regal Swan researchers also examined Florida swan feathers. The affected feathers from both samples were then swabbed and the cultures submitted to a laboratory where the bacterium was identified.
end

Excerpt:
The Regal Swan, a 27-member team, comprised of veterinarians, swan keepers, educators, photographers, writers and other professionals, is committed to the humane treatment and veterinary medical care of captive swans. The swan researchers are best known for successfully pioneering the use of a cattle vaccine against botulism and an equine vaccine for West Nile Virus in swans. The Regal Swan researchers, led by Mendoza, were also the first to identify the protozoan, Rhinosporodium seeberi, that affects both humans and swans through DNA Sequencing.

The testing also identified the transmission vector as water.


The Regal Swan has been awarded both the prestigious U.S. Daily Points of Light Award and the Florida Governors Points of Light Award for its pioneering research. For more information please visit The Regal Swan

end

The Vector is Water- and we read the the Team surgically removed the cysts from 41 of the infected/infested swans but where is the treatment method? Was there a treatment other than the surgery?


Does the fact that Pythium insidiosum is Dr Mendoza's area of expertise have anything to do with why he was asked to work with the Team?

[Venetia]

December 2002. Florida Research Project DNA Sequencing Proves Same Protozoan Affects Humans and Swans

Orlando, Florida

Fair use


Excerpt:
Six Florida researchers working with a Michigan State University associate professor and a medical mycologist from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia have become the first to prove that rhinosporidiosis in swans is the same protozoan affecting both humans and other animals.


Dr. Geoffrey R. Gardner, a Lakeland veterinarian and researcher with the The Regal Swan™ team, removed eye cysts caused by the protozoan, Rhinosporidium seeberi, from 41 infected swans at Lake Morton in Lakeland, Florida. Dr. Leonel Mendoza, an associate professor with the Medical Technology Program, in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics from Michigan State University and Dr. Libero Ajello, a medical mycologist in the Mycotic Diseases Branch of the Centers for Disease Control, utilized DNA sequencing analysis to determine the genetic makeup of the protozoan.
end


Excerpt:

Dr.Mendoza found his picture and an article about his contribution
to saving the lives of some of the Queen's swans. The Queen had provided
swans to Orange Lake Resort & Country Club in Lakeland Florida several years ago. Dr.Mendoza was consulted when the swans developed what
appeared to be a fungal disease. He diagnosed Rhinosporidiosis and
appropriate treatment was instituted. The story now appears on the
Queen's website.

Dr. Mendoza is best known for his unique expertise on a
fungal-like organism called Pythium insidiosum that causes lethal
infections in horses, dogs, cats and humans. He has developed a
treatment , a sort of post-infection vaccine, that is effective in about
70% of infected horses and has some success in other
animals as well.
The patent on this product, and a pending patent on a latex test for
Pythium have been licensed by a start up company that plans to seek USDA
approval for the products and to market them to the veterinary
community.
end

[Venetia]

Comparative RAPD analysis of causative agent of rhinosporidiosis and Microcystis isolated from pond waters. | Dhaulakhandi, D. B., Ahluwalia, K. B., Praseet Poduval, Ravi, A. K. | Current Science | Current Science Association

Title: Comparative RAPD analysis of causative agent of rhinosporidiosis and Microcystis isolated from pond waters.
Personal Authors: Dhaulakhandi, D. B., Ahluwalia, K. B., Praseet Poduval, Ravi, A. K.
Author Affiliation: Cell Biology and Electron Microscope Section, Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India.
Editors: No editors
Document Title: Current Science

Abstract

Fair use

Excerpt:

A study was undertaken to find out whether or not a pathogenic strain of Microcystis exists in ponds in which patients had been bathing, by comparing the RAPD profile of DNA extracted from round bodies rhinosporidiosis in clinical samples with that of Microcystis in water samples obtained from ponds in Mathura, Raipur, Bhopal, Gwalior, and Delhi in India. Single primers were used to amplify genomic DNA extracted from round bodies in clinical samples as well as DNA from pond water Microcystis, and banding patterns were compared. Results showed that distinct bands in the clinical sample corresponded in position with the band from Microcystis DNA isolated from ponds. The bands in corresponding positions in clinical sample DNA and pond water Microcystis indicate the existence of a pathogenic strain of Microcystis in humans.

[Venetia]

Blue Green Algae in Marion Reservoir

Fair use

Blue Green Algae in Marion Reservoir, Marion County Kansas, Sampled on June 12, 2003




More images of Microcyctis- causative agent of Rhinosporidium seeberi


Microcystis - Google Image Search

[Venetia]

The pathogen of frogs Amphibiocystidium ranae is a...[J Clin Microbiol. 2005] - PubMed Result


1: J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jan;43(1):192-8. Links
The pathogen of frogs Amphibiocystidium ranae is a member of the order dermocystida in the class mesomycetozoea.Pereira CN, Di Rosa I, Fagotti A, Simoncelli F, Pascolini R, Mendoza L.
Medical Technology Program, Michigan State University, 322 North Kedzie Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1031, USA.

Fair use

Excerpt:
The pathogen of frogs Amphibiocystidium ranae was recently described as a new genus. Due to its spherical shape, containing hundred of endospores, it was thought to be closely related to the pathogens of fish, mammals, and birds known as Dermocystidium spp., Rhinosporidium seeberi, and Sphaerothecum destruens in the Mesomycetozoea, but further studies were not conducted to confirm this relationship.
end excerpt

[Venetia]

Cornyebacterium-like species were identified on several of the swans in the above posts- seems relevant:


Corynebacterium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fair use

Corynebacterium

Excerpts:

Corynebacteria that are non-pathogenic for example, excluding Corynebacterium diptheriae.
end excerpt

Excerpt:
Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-sporulated, rod-shaped actinobacteria. Most do not cause disease, but are part of normal human skin flora. Corynebacteria are a diverse group found in a range of different ecological niches such as soil, vegetables, sewage, skin, and cheese smear. Some, such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae, are important pathogens while others, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, are of immense industrial importance.[1] The term diphtheroids is used to represent Corynebacteria that are non-pathogenic for example, excluding Corynebacterium diptheriae.

Some nondiphtheria species of Corynebacterium produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human pathogens. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack immunosuppressed hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, skin infections, and endocarditis. Endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices.

Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, neutropenic, or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as heart valves, neurologic shunts, or catheters.

Corynebacteria are common skin contaminants. They grow slowly, even on enriched media. The gram stain reveals irregular, rod shaped bacteria, that tend to arrange themselves in "Chinese Letter" and palisade arrangements. Metachromatic granules are usually present representing stored phosphate regions.

Some species of Corynebacterium have sequenced genomes that range in size from 2.5 - 3 Mbp. They can be found in many environments including soil, trees and skin. The non-diptheiroid Corynebecterium can also be found in human mucous membranes. Species of Corynebacterium have been used in the mass production of various amino acids including L-Glutamic Acid, a popular food additive that is made at a rate of 1.5 million tons/ year by Corynebacterium. The metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium have been further manipulated to produce L-Lysine and L-Threonine.
end excerpt

**

I recall that DR Wymore also ID'd Corynebacterium efficiens.


Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Excerpt:
Infections Staphylococcus (Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Impetigo, Boil, Carbuncle) - Cellulitis (Paronychia) - Acute lymphadenitis - Pilonidal cyst - Corynebacterium (Erythrasma)
end
**

This ties to Robert Smiths work as well:


Lyme-Fiber-Disease - Input- Robert Smiths' work Nocardioides


Lyme-Fiber-Disease - Robert F. Smith's Research June 2006

Seems more of these researchers agree than we realize.

More later on the Nanocytes

V

[lamb]

WOW! V! I live across the street from one of the filthiest salt water ponds in The US of A! The run off from the neighborhood lawns goes through a pipe in my side yard right into the pond where our boat is docked. The goodie 2 shoes locals (Gov. subcontractor) has been putting nematodes in this pond since the 70's but allow this run off to continue!! I have thought all along that this had some play in my disease!

[Venetia]

Lamb, I bet you're right about that pond. I hope that there is something you can do to change the situation?

I never really understood what Tam tam was saying entirely, but I understand about the above.

The father of one of my Grandson's friends works at the Zoo in our area. I believe in the 'Rain Forest'. About 4 or 5 years ago, he was telling us that his Dad got some sort of infection from work. He said that some of the animals
had this eye infection and I had to wonder if it wasn't related to the Rhinosporodium. I wasn't close enough to the family to quiz them about the matter but the boy told us that doctors could not figure out the problem.

Good luck with the pond!

V